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Case file · From a real deliberation · Question authored by the Consilium team

Can AI get Hijri dates right? We asked five models.

We asked the Consilium panel: what is the Gregorian date of 1 Ramadan 1448 AH per the Umm al-Qura calendar? Five frontier models answered independently — and produced three different dates, with two models simply wrong. The live-web fact-check settled it against Umm al-Qura tables.

The date below is computed per the Umm al-Qura calendar. The actual start of the month is announced officially after crescent sighting, and may shift by a day.
— The question —

What is the Gregorian date corresponding to 1 Ramadan 1448 AH according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia, and what day of the week will it fall on?

The deliberation below is shown in the panel's original English.
— How this verdict was produced —
①Five models answer independently
②Blind peer review — no names
③The lead drafts one verdict
④Every claim fact-checked on the live web
⑤Corrected verdict — unverified claims removed
— Where each panelist stood (Phase ①) —
deepseek-v4-proLead✓ Mon · 8 Feb 2027

8 February 2027, a Monday — a direct, unhedged answer straight from the Umm al-Qura tables.

gpt-5-mini✓ Mon · 8 Feb 2027

Monday, 8 February 2027 — adding that communities following physical crescent sighting may start a day earlier or later.

perplexity-sonar✓ Mon · 8 Feb 2027

Monday, 8 February 2027 — the only panelist to pull live calendar pages while answering, citing Umm al-Qura sources inline.

minimax-m2.5✗ Sun · 7 Feb 2027

Sunday, 7 February 2027 — stated confidently as "the standard conversion", and a day off.

qwen3.6-27b✗ Mon · 15 Feb 2027

Monday, 15 February 2027 — after a long visible calculation that talked itself a full week past the date.

Five models answering independently produced three different dates. That is the Hijri date trap.
— What happened in the blind review (Phase ②) —

Each model then graded the others' answers without seeing names — and the review split too: three reviewers confidently declared 15 February "the correct answer", one argued for 14 February, and only the retrieval-grounded panelist put the 8 February answers on top. On the scoreboard, a wrong answer tied with the right ones.

Blind peer review rewards confidence and clarity — but by itself it cannot settle a matter of fact. That is exactly why the Consilium pipeline does not stop here: the verdict still has to survive the live-web fact-check.

— The final verdict (Phase ⑤, web-checked & corrected) —
Monday, 8 February 2027

According to the Umm al-Qura calendar used in Saudi Arabia, 1 Ramadan 1448 AH corresponds to Monday, 8 February 2027 [1][2][6]. An independent weekday cross-check confirms that 8 February 2027 falls on a Monday [7].

Umm al-Qura dates are calculated astronomically per that standard, rather than by physical moon sighting [5][8].

Observance note: actual Ramadan observance in communities that follow local crescent sighting may begin a day earlier or later than this computed date [3][5].
— What the fact-check did (Phases ④–⑤) —

The fact-check settled the dispute — and removed what it could not verify.

Every claim in the draft verdict was taken to the live web. The date the review had argued about was confirmed against independent Umm al-Qura tables, and two confident-sounding claims were removed because no retrieved source backed them — this is the actual change log:

— Why this matters —

Hijri-to-Gregorian conversion looks trivial and is famously error-prone for language models: calendar arithmetic, the Umm al-Qura algorithm, and moon-sighting variance all trip them up. A lone chatbot gives you one confident date — with no way to tell whether it is the wrong one. A panel makes the disagreement visible, and the live-web check resolves it with sources you can inspect yourself.

— Sources —

Cited in the verdict

  1. [1] Umm Al-Qura Ramadan Calendar 1448 AH (2027)
  2. [2] Islamic Calendar Year 2027 — Ummul Qura Hijri Dates (Alhabib)
  3. [3] Islamic Calendar 1448 AH — Makkah Live
  4. [5] Detailed Ramadan 1448 AH Calendar — Day-by-Day
  5. [6] Hijri Calendar 1448 AH — Umm al-Qura
  6. [7] What Day of the Week is February 8, 2027?
  7. [8] Ramadan 1448 AH — Hijri Calendar with Gregorian Dates (Umm al-Qura)
  8. [13] Islamic Calendar 2027 — Global Hijri Dates (Alhabib)

Numbers reflect the panel's retrieval order during fact-checking; only some sources were cited in the verdict. 14 sources were consulted in total — including the Umm al-Qura annual reference — six of them without being directly cited.

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